Humanized mouse models
Humanized mice, also known as 'Hu' mice, are generated through transplantation of human cells, tissues, or organs. But, there's a hitch. The mouse immune system often forcefully rejects these foreign…
Humanized mice, also known as 'Hu' mice, are generated through transplantation of human cells, tissues, or organs. But, there's a hitch. The mouse immune system often forcefully rejects these foreign…
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) and chronic constipation are highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders. According to several study datas, IBS-C is characterized by symptoms of chronically recurring abdominal pain, discomfort and…
PK (Pyruvate Kinase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP in glycolysis. Importantly, Pyruvate kinase deficiency is a glycolytic enzymopathy that is…
In 2020, approximately 10 million people developed tuberculosis, resulting in over 1.5 million human deaths. Tuberculosis is a chronic, often lifelong disease, caused by infection with M.tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually affects…
Guanylate cyclase (guanylyl cyclase, GC), which catalyzes the formation of cGMP from GTP, exists in both the soluble and particulate fractions of cells. The GC family consists of particulate GC…
SGLT2 (glucose cotransporter 2, also known as SLC5A2) is a member of the sodium-glucose cotransporter family and belongs to the sodium-dependent glucose transporters. SGLT2 is mostly located in the brush-like…
PGAM5 (Phosphoglycerate Mutase Family Member 5) is a mitochondrial Ser/Thr phosphatase, usually located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Specifically, it targets the phosphorylation of serine, threonine and histidine residues to exert dephosphorylation…
Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) is caused by a mutation that replaces a glutamic acid at residue 6 in beta-globin with a valine. This amino acid substitution results in the formation…
Glucokinase is a hexokinase isozyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. This is the rate-limiting step in glucose metabolism. Glucokinase occurs in cells in the liver and pancreas of…
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR or AHR) is a cytoplasmic receptor and transcription factor that belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. The AhR is activated or inhibited by…