Innate immunity is the first-line cellular stress response. Additionally, it is a good way for defending the host cell against invading pathogens. These processes involve pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through…
Immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) are a class of immunomodulatory drugs. Thalidomide analogs have induced significant antimyeloma effects via immune-modulation, antiangiogenesis, and antiproliferative effects. Specifically, identification of the mechanisms of resistance for…
Motolimod (VTX-2337) is a selective Toll-like receptor (TLR) 8 agonist. In vitro, HEK293 cells with various human TLRs, only Motolimod activates TLR8, Meanwhile, Imiquimod and CpG ODN2006 selectively activate TLR7 and…
Janus kinases are non-receptor tyrosine kinases. In mammals, the family has four members, Jak1, Jak2, Jak3 and Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2). Particularly, the JAK inhibitors offer a new pharmacological strategy…
Prostaglandin EP2 receptor (PGE2) is a potential neuroprotection target in epilepsy and other inflammation-related neurological disorders. Activation of PGE2 subtype EP2 promotes inflammation. The EP2 receptor widely expresses in both…