Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune system by recognizing pathogen-related molecular patterns from various microorganisms.…
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, also referred to as TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to a family of trimeric proteins.…
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. Specifically, they…
The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family includes RelA (p65), RelB, c-Rel, NF-κB1 (p50/p105), and NF-κB2 (p52/p100). It regulates expression…
Bone is a complex tissue that contains various types of cells. There exist two major cell types responsible for bone…