HIV protease is a homodimeric aspartyl protease. It is worth noting that, HIV protease is crucial for the viral life-cycle. Specifically, HIV protease cleaves proviral polyproteins, hence creates mature protein…
The Janus kinase (JAK) family of protein-tyrosine kinase has four members: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. The Janus kinases share seven distinct JAK homology (JH1-JH7) domains. These proteins possess an…
Thiol protease is a kind of proteolytic enzyme. Thiol protease catalyzes hydrolysis of peptide bond by sulfhydryl group with sulfhydryl group in the active center. Interestingly, thiol proteases, also known…
Antibiotics, also known as antibacterials, are medications that destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria. Since ancient times, many civilizations used topical application of mouldy bread, with many references…
In the furnaces of the stars the elements evolved from hydrogen. When oxygen and neon captured successive α particles, the element calcium was born. Calcium ions (Ca2+) are some of…
Cystic fibrosis is a progressive, lethal, recessive genetic disease. Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations affecting the CFTR gene localized on chromosome 7, which encodes a cAMPdependent chloride channel located…
Immunosuppressive agents, also known as immunosuppressants and antirejection medications, can inhibit or prevent activity of the immune system. Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune…
Hemoglobin is the special protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells and gives blood red color. Moreover, globin and heme composes hemoglobin. Thereinto, the globin portion is a tetramer consisting…
CPT1 (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I) is a mitochondrial enzyme. Specifically, CPT1 responsible for the formation of acyl carnitines by catalyzing the transfer of the acyl group of a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA…
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK consists of a catalytic α-subunit and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. In single-cell…