SLE is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs with unpredictable flares. Autoantibody/antigen immune-complexes in turn can activate TLR7 and/or TLR9 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) leading to…
Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA4 or CD49d/CD29) is aα4β1 integrin with a pivotal role in controlling immune cell migration into inflamed tissue. Especially, BIO1211 acts as a probe to assess α4β1…
In this article, we will introduce a selective, reversible, and orally active BTK inhibitor, BIIB068. As a selective inhibitor, BIIB068 exhibits an IC50 of 1 nM and a Kd of 0.3 nM against BTK….
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and is a leading cause of chronic neurological disability. The most remarkable hallmarks of MS are…
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a pleiotropic cytokine and controls the differentiation and homeostasis of both pro- and anti-inflammatory T cells. The IL-2 receptor couples to JAK tyrosine kinases and activates the…