AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central regulator of cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis. AMPK regulates cellular energy levels by balancing nutrient availability and energy demand via its control of…
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Specifically, IL-10 is a cytokine with multiple effects in immune regulation and inflammation. Besides, it downregulated Th1 cytokines, class II MHC antigens, and…
In molecular biology, CD18 (integrin beta chain 2) is an integrin beta chain protein encoded by the human itgb2 gene. Specifically, the lack of CD18 expression can lead to adhesion…
NADPH oxidases (NOX), catalyzing the reduction of molecular oxygen to form the superoxide radical anion (O₂⁻) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). NOX involves in several pathological conditions, such as stroke, diabetes,…
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) acts as an intracellular non-receptor enzyme that modulates inflammation and epithelial integrity. GSK356278, a potent, selective, brain-penetrant phosphodiesterase 4 ( PDE4) inhibitor that demonstrates anxiolytic and cognition-enhancing effects…