Innate immunity is the first-line cellular stress response. Additionally, it is a good way for defending the host cell against invading pathogens. These processes involve pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through…
Neutral sphinghomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) catalyzes the formation and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) . Human nSMase2 catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to phosphorylcholine and ceramide. DPTIP, a potent brain penetrant…
In this article, we will introduce a potent tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist GR 82334. GR 82334 inhibits substance P-induced sensitization by blocking SP NK1 receptors in naked mole-rats. Capsaicin application can…
Histamine exhibits its functions through four known G-protein coupled receptors, the H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors. Some histamine receptor (H1R) antagonists are used for the treatment of allergic inflammatory…
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) are useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In particular, NSAIDs inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs)…