The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R， S1R), one of two sigma receptor subtypes, is a chaperone protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that modulates calcium signaling through the IP3 receptor. Moreover, the…
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in the world. Firstly, Epilepsy affects people of all ages, races, social classes, and geographical locations. Secondly, Epilepsy is a disease…
Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid) is the subtype of glutamate receptors and also is a ligand-gated ion channel. It expresses primarily on…
Phospholipase is a member of a very complex group of enzymes that break down phospholipids into fatty acids and other compounds. Phospholipase is defined by the enzymatic reaction they catalyze.…
Glycine transporters (GlyTs) are the Na+/Cl--dependent plasmalemmal neurotransmitter transporters. GlyTs comprise GlyT1 and GlyT2. They serve to terminate the signaling of glycine by mediating its reuptake from the synaptic cleft…
Benzodiazepines are useful in the research of anxiety disorders. Benzodiazepines also is useful for symptomatic relief of various anxiety states related to diverse psychiatric disorders, including mood, psychotic and personality…
The G-protein activated, inward-rectifying potassium (K+) channels, “GIRKs”, are a family of ion channels (Kir3.1-Kir3.4). Besides, GIRKs are comprised of various homo- and heterotetrameric combinations of four different subunits. In addition, These…
Prostaglandin EP2 receptor (PGE2) is a potential neuroprotection target in epilepsy and other inflammation-related neurological disorders. Activation of PGE2 subtype EP2 promotes inflammation. The EP2 receptor widely expresses in both…
Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome is a condition that causes episodes of fever, skin rash, and joint pain after exposure to cold temperatures. In people with familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, the…