In mature lymphocytes, the Spatio-temporal regulation of Ca2+ modulates signaling pathways. They serve to control a variety of cellular responses, such as activation, differentiation, effector function, and cell death. Thus, targeting…
JAK/STAT-dependent cytokines are essential for the development, proliferation, and function of T-cells. The JAK family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases is composed of four isoforms: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. Functioning…
In several diseases, colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) signaling via cFMS receptor kinase is increased. CSF-1 can promote the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocyte lineage. CSF-1 exerts its activities by…
The TRAF protein family comprises seven E3 ligase members, including TRAF6. Distinct receptor signaling pathways have different members, such as the IL-1 receptor family, T-cell receptor (TCR), IL-17 receptor, TNF…
P38 MAPKs is a class of kinases responsive to stress stimuli. It has four types, including p38α (MAPK14), p38β (MAPK11), p38γ (MAPK12/ERK6), and p38δ (MAPK13/SAPK4). The kinases involve an inflammatory…