Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside is in a specialized microenvironment. It also refers to the stem cell niche, which regulates critical HSPC processes, such as self-renewal and differentiation.…
Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA4 or CD49d/CD29) is aα4β1 integrin with a pivotal role in controlling immune cell migration into inflamed tissue. Especially, BIO1211 acts as a probe to assess α4β1…
Degradation of proteins in mammalian cells via two distinct pathways: lysosome-dependent and proteasome-dependent. PR-39 is a proline- and arginine-rich antibacterial peptide. It is also a noncompetitive, reversible, and allosteric proteasome inhibitor. PR-39 reversibly binds…
In this article, we will introduce a selective, reversible, and orally active BTK inhibitor, BIIB068. As a selective inhibitor, BIIB068 exhibits an IC50 of 1 nM and a Kd of 0.3 nM against BTK.…
Proteasomes are protein complexes that degrade unwanted or damaged proteins by proteolysis, which can destroy peptide bonds. Specifically, proteasomes are part of the main mechanism by which cells regulate the…
Inflammation and cancer are now coupled in treatment approaches by a growing understanding of the dynamic molecular dialogues between immune and cancer cells. McDonough feline sarcoma viral (v-fms) oncogene homolog…
CXC chemokine receptors are the complete membrane proteins and they can specifically bind and respond to CXC chemokine family cytokines. Specifically, they represent a subfamily of chemokine receptors, a large…
Cytokines play an important role in cell growth, differentiation, and function in many cell types. They bind to cell surface receptors and then trigger the down-stream signal. As a result,…