On November 15, 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Defencath (taurolidine and heparin) catheter lock solution (CLS). CLS can reduce the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections in…
Fungicides accounts for the majority of pesticide application which are extensively used to fight fungal parasites. Azole fungicides are a family of highly effective systemic fungicides that act by inhibiting…
Favipiravir (T-705), a purine nucleic acid analog, is an antiviral agent approved in Japan in 2014 for therapy of influenza virus infections. In 2020, Favipiravir also received the DCGI approval…
Dental caries is a multifactorial, sugar-dependent disease driven by the dynamic interactions of cariogenic and commensal microbes within dental plaque (biofilms) formed on tooth surfaces. Although dental biofilms are complex…
CCR (Chemokine receptors) are cytokine receptors that interact with a type of cytokine called achemokine. The chemokine system mediates acute inflammation by driving leukocyte migration to damaged or infected tissues.…
Reverse transcriptases (RTs) are enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription. Reverse transcriptases (RTs) use an RNA template and a short…
For individuals with weakened immune systems, fungal infections with high mortality rates could be life-threatening. Although there are many antifungal agents already, drug resistance is still a critical issue. For…
In 2020, approximately 10 million people developed tuberculosis, resulting in over 1.5 million human deaths. Tuberculosis is a chronic, often lifelong disease, caused by infection with M.tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually affects…
COVID‑19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a contagious disease caused by the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Importantly, COVID-19 transmits when infectious particles are breathed in or come…
The β-lactams retain a central place in the antibacterial armamentarium. Extensive use of β-lactams has led to the emergence and dissemination of resistance. Resistance can occur by multiple mechanisms, including…