Antifungal agents are drugs that selectively eliminate fungal pathogens from the host with minimal toxicity. Meanwhile, bacteria are prokaryotes and therefore provide many structural and metabolic targets that differ from…
HIV is a virus that affects the immune system. HIV infects important cells in the human immune system, such as helper T cells (especially CD4+T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells.…
Antifungal drugs are used to treat fungal infections. Fungi causes a variety of diseases in humans, from allergic syndrome to superficial, disfigured and life-threatening invasive fungal disease (IFD). Specifically, antifungal…
The kinase is an enzyme. And it catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy donor molecule to a specific target molecule. This process is phosphorylation. In general,…
Fungal infections are a common occurrence, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 20% to 25%. Consistent with most of Europe and the United States, a recent retrospective study found that…
F-ATPase exists in the bacterial plasma membrane, mitochondrial inner membrane, and chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Specifically, it uses proton gradients to drive ATP synthesis. It releases newly formed ATP from the…
iKIX1 is an anti-fungal agent and re-sensitizes drug-resistant C. glabrata to azole antifungals in vitro. In HepG2 cells, iKIX1 inhibits cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of…
Onychomycosis is an infection of the nail plate that is prevalent among the ageing population. Onychomycosis is difficult to treat with low initial cure rates, high rates of relapse, and…
Exosomes act as vesicles of endosomal origin secreted from reticulocytes. Exosomes bear proteins, lipids, and RNAs, mediating intercellular communication between different cell types in the body, and thus affecting normal…
The mevalonate pathway consists of a series of enzymes in mammalian cells. Those enzymes can transform acetyl-Coenzyme-A (CoA) to cholesterol ubiquinone, and dolichol via mevalonate. It has been proved that…