Infiltration of leukocytes from the peripheral circulation into tissues such as the gut mucosa is an important aspect of immune surveillance. They interact with cytokine or other proinflammatory stimuli-activated endothelial…
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) are ligand-dependent transcriptional factors and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. In fact, RORs regulate inflammation, metabolic disorders, and circadian rhythm. RORs include RORα…
The retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR) isoforms RORα (NR1F1), RORβ (NR1F2), and RORγ (NR1F3) are members of the steroid nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. RORs play prominent roles in a variety…
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays an indispensable role in the signal transduction of numerous cellular functions via the formation of the second messenger PIP3. In previous blogs, I have introduced a…
Chemokines are low-molecular weight proteins that mediate the migration of leucocytes. Crucially, chemokines exert their effects by binding to specific GPCRs expressed on the leucocyte surface. Of these, the chemokine…