Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a key node in innate inflammatory signaling. It is also directly downstream of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of receptors. Besides,…
mPGES-1 is the terminal enzyme one-step downstream of COX2. It also is the unstable peroxide intermediate from arachidonate catabolism. mPGES-1 can be induced by various inflammatory stimuli in normal cells,…
NF-κB-mediated inflammation is a major pathology in kidney diseases, such as non-kidney inflammatory diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis. HIV infection in the kidney induces NF-κB activation, leading to the production of…
Infiltration of leukocytes from the peripheral circulation into tissues such as the gut mucosa is an important aspect of immune surveillance. They interact with cytokine or other proinflammatory stimuli-activated endothelial…
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) are ligand-dependent transcriptional factors and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. In fact, RORs regulate inflammation, metabolic disorders, and circadian rhythm. RORs include RORα…