NF-κB-mediated inflammation is a major pathology in kidney diseases, such as non-kidney inflammatory diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis. HIV infection in the kidney induces NF-κB activation, leading to the production of…
Infiltration of leukocytes from the peripheral circulation into tissues such as the gut mucosa is an important aspect of immune surveillance. They interact with cytokine or other proinflammatory stimuli-activated endothelial…
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) are ligand-dependent transcriptional factors and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. In fact, RORs regulate inflammation, metabolic disorders, and circadian rhythm. RORs include RORα…
The retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR) isoforms RORα (NR1F1), RORβ (NR1F2), and RORγ (NR1F3) are members of the steroid nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. RORs play prominent roles in a variety…
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays an indispensable role in the signal transduction of numerous cellular functions via the formation of the second messenger PIP3. In previous blogs, I have introduced a…