Oxidative stress describes an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and antioxidants. Normally, cells possess antioxidant defense systems that include ROS degrading molecules (ROS scavengers), such as uric acid,…
Kv1.3 is a classic shaker-type potassium channel with six transmembrane segments that was discovered in the early 1980s in a non-excitable cell, T lymphocytes. Kv1.3 is the first K+; channel…
CXCR3 is a G protein-coupled receptor from the CXC chemokine receptor family. It is mainly expressed in immune cells from the lymphoid lineage, including activated T cells. The CXCR3 receptor…
IL-6 (Interleukin 6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. Besides, IL-6 signals through a cell-surface type I cytokine receptor complex consisting of…
Type I interferons are important innate and adaptive immune response factors. It derivates from infected cells and in turn, induces the cells to create an antimicrobial environment that limits the…
Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict and blood pressure to increase. It is part of the renin-angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure. Among them, angiotensin…
MetAP-2, a cytoplasmic metalase, catalyzes the hydrolysis and removal of N-terminal methionine residues from newborn proteins. The enzymatic activity of MetAP-2 is a prerequisite for biological processes such as activity,…
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor kinase and plays a crucial role in carcinogenic signal transduction. Carcinogenic signal transduction is crucial for the proliferation and survival of leukemia cells…