Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are complex enzymatic reactions. Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in several cellular processes, including differentiation, cell growth, adhesion, motility, and apoptosis. Moreover, the actions of…
Immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) are a class of immunomodulatory drugs. Thalidomide analogs have induced significant antimyeloma effects via immune-modulation, antiangiogenesis, and antiproliferative effects. Specifically, identification of the mechanisms of resistance for…
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lysophospholipid mediator. S1P evokes a variety of cellular responses by stimulation of five members of the endothelial cell differentiation gene receptor family. The recent development…
T cells recognize antigen peptides associated with MHC (pMHC) through T cell antigen receptors (TCR). They comprise a complex of two antigen recognition subunits (TCRα/β) along with four signaling subunits…
CD40 (TNFRSF5) and CD40L (CD154, TNFSF5) are the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-TNFR superfamily (TNFSF) costimulatory molecules, and this protein-protein interaction is among the most extensively studied TNFSF members. CD40 is…