Integrin α4β1 (VLA-4) promotes the immune system’s inflammatory response by helping white blood cells move to tissues that need inflammation. Specifically, VLA-4 is a key factor in cell adhesion. Besides,…
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors for innate immune cells to detect various pathogen-associated molecular patterns. To date, ten TLRs have been identified in human cells…
The endogenous gaseous transmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in multiple regulatory processes in mammalian cells in health and disease. In mammalian cells, there exists at least 3 H2S-sourced enzymes:…
Signal peptide peptidase-like 2a (SPPL2a) is a member of the signal peptide peptidase like protease (SPPL) family. Specifically, SPPL2a encodes lysosome/late endosomal membrane protein and has conserved active-site motifs “YD”…
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside is in a specialized microenvironment. It also refers to the stem cell niche, which regulates critical HSPC processes, such as self-renewal and differentiation….