The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R， S1R), one of two sigma receptor subtypes, is a chaperone protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that modulates calcium signaling through the IP3 receptor. Moreover, the…
AChE and BChE are hydrolases of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory and cognitive decline. Specifically, Its pathological pathway also involves the deposition…
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The cholinesterase enzymes (ChEs), i.e., AChE and butyrylcholine esterase (BChE) inhibitors, are the most promising therapeutic strategy. Firstly, it can…
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a class of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic phosphodiester bonds, breaking them down into monophosphates and nucleotides. This enzyme widely exists in organisms and participates in the regulation…
Striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) is a CNS-rich protein associated with a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Firstly, it is expressed exclusively in the central nervous system. Then, it…
Double leucine zipper kinase (DLK, MAP3K12) and leucine zipper Carrying kinase (LZK, MAP3K13) are two homologous mitogen-activated protein kinases. They are regulators of neuronal apoptosis and axon degradation. And also…
Tau (Tubulin-associated unit) is a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that is primarily present in axons. Besides, Tau is a multi-functional protein. Particularly, It takes part in the cross-linking and regulation of…
RIPK1 (Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1), a 76-kDa protein, is an essential mediator of cell death and inflammation. This protein has a N-terminal kinase domain, a C-terminal death domain, and an…
AAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive memory loss. In AD patients' brain, the Aβ-containing plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles exhibit significant accumulation. Aβ is primarily generated…
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase. Specifically, the enzyme is a key regulator of many signaling pathways. It includes cellular responses to Wnt, receptor tyrosine kinase,…