5-HT receptors (Serotonin receptors) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) found in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Type: 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4,…
The kinase is an enzyme. And it catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy donor molecule to a specific target molecule. This process is phosphorylation. In general,…
Cancer initiation and progression are mediated through dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that regulates multiple cellular functions and promotes tumor progression…
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK consists of a catalytic α-subunit and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. In single-cell…
Abl1 proto-oncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase. Specifically, it is relevant to cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response. Deletion of SH3 domain makes Abl1…
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone, it is essential for the conformational stability and activity of many key oncogenic proteins. These proteins include not only kinases such as ErbB2, B-Raf, Alk,…
Gamma secretase (γ-Secretase) is a kind of multi-subunit protease complex, which is an indispensable membrane protein. Specifically, γ-Secretase cleaves one-way transmembrane proteins at residues in the transmembrane domain. Besides, the…
The protein-protein interaction between menin and MLL fusion proteins plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of MLL leukemia. The genetic disruption of this interaction abrogates the development of acute…
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. The presence of integrins allows rapid and flexible responses to events at the cell surface. Specifically, inflammation results from a…
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. 1α,25(OH)2D3 is to mediate biological responses as a consequence of its interaction with both a…