JAK/STAT-dependent cytokines are essential for the development, proliferation, and function of T-cells. The JAK family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases is composed of four isoforms: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. Functioning…
The transcriptional activity of most nuclear receptors (NRs) can be modulated by small lipophilic molecules such as hormones, vitamins, steroids, and synthetic molecules. The NR1F subfamily of NRs contains the…
Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs) are ligand-dependent transcriptional factors and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. In fact, RORs regulate inflammation, metabolic disorders, and circadian rhythm. RORs include RORα…
The retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR) isoforms RORα (NR1F1), RORβ (NR1F2), and RORγ (NR1F3) are members of the steroid nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. RORs play prominent roles in a variety…
Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) and resting lymphocyte kinase (RLK or TXK) are essential mediators of intracellular signaling in both normal and neoplastic T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Thus, ITK…
RIPK1 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1) belongs to the receptor interacting protein kinases family, which contains seven members. RIPK1 plays a vital role in cell survival and cell death. It…
CH-223191 inhibits smoking-induced aggravation of experimental arthritis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Firstly, as we all know, smoking has become a major risk factor of people’s health. It involves in…
CD95L is a transmembrane ligand (m-CD95L) releases a soluble ligand (s-CD95L) that is cleaved by metalloproteases. Unlike m-CD95L, the interaction between s-CD95L and CD95 fails to recruit caspase-8 and FADD…
RORγ (RAR-related orphan receptor gamma) is a protein of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. RORγ (RORγ1) and RORγt (RORγ2) are two isoforms, encoded by the same RORC gene.…
T-helper 17 (Th17) cells is a unique CD4+ T-cell subset characterized by production of interleukin-17 (IL-17). Especially, IL-17 is a highly inflammatory cytokine with robust effects on stromal cells in…