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HIV is a virus that affects the immune system. HIV infects important cells in the human immune system, such as…
Bacteria are small single-celled organisms. Bacteria exist almost everywhere on Earth and are vital to the planet’s ecosystems. Some species…
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is any enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond. Usually, people speaking of PDE are referring to cyclic nucleotide…
The proteasome is part of the main mechanism by which cells regulate specific protein concentration and degrade misfolded proteins. Specifically,…
Ikarugamycin is an antibiotic and a inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Cell surface receptors and their ligands can be internalized…