Immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) are a class of immunomodulatory drugs. Thalidomide analogs have induced significant antimyeloma effects via immune-modulation, antiangiogenesis, and antiproliferative effects. Specifically, identification of the mechanisms of resistance for…
JAK/STAT-dependent cytokines are essential for the development, proliferation, and function of T-cells. The JAK family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases is composed of four isoforms: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. Functioning…
In the NLR family, the NLRP3 inflammasome plays essential roles in the maturation and production of IL-1β and IL-18. Dysregulation of inflammasome and IL-1β affects the pathogenesis of many human…
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are also known as 7TM receptors due to their transmembrane domains. they constitute the largest superfamily of receptors for signaling molecules, ligands Many ligands, including hormones,…
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type I transmembrane proteins. They can recognize pathogen-derived macromolecules, thereby playing a key role in the innate immune system. TLR dimerization leads to the activation of…