HIFs (Hypoxia-inducible factors) are transcription factors that respond to changes in available oxygen in the cellular environment, to be specific, to decreases in oxygen, or hypoxia. The HIF signaling cascade…
Anemia is a common debilitating complication arising from diverse causes, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), thalassemia, cancer chemotherapy, chronic kidney disease and hemorrhage. Although endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) and its cognate receptor…
Biologic agents are highly effective therapies. It greatly improves the standard of care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Even with the significant improvement in care, the maximal benefit has…