Mitochondria is an essential organelle, and it generates most of the energy required by the human body in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Additionally, mitochondria play an important role…
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a double-stranded DNA alphaherpesvirus. And it is associated with seasonal outbreaks of varicella in nonimmunized populations. The virus particle is 125-175 nm in diameter, and…
The melatonin receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds to melatonin. Specifically, receptors are crucial in the signal cascade of melatonin. In the field of chronobiology, melatonin is the…
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women with gynecological cancers in the United States. About 70% of ovarian cancer cases are diagnosed at a late…
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fatal form of hematopoietic malignancies. current treatment for AML involves multiple cycles of high-dose cytarabine (Ara-C) treatment, this kind of treatment impairs the quality…
A robust antibody response is essential for efficient identification and eradication of pathogenic microbes and toxins. Dysregulation of the antibody response can lead to autoimmune disease. Specific antigen encounter by…
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases, is expressed in B cells, macrophages, and monocytes, but not in T cells. Mutations in the human…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a kind of lung disease. The symptoms are obvious, including shortness of breath and cough with sputum production. It always worsens over time. p38…
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes CD4 T cell depletion and immunodeficiency. Antiretroviral drugs target viral proteins, such as reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase. Antiretroviral drugs effectively inhibit HIV. However,…
In the previous article “KRN5 is a Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 5 (NFAT5) Suppressor”, we introduced a novel NFAT5 suppressor KRN5. And the suppressor is the derivative of…