Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are critical cytoplasmic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). They play an important role in the host's innate immune response and immunity homeostasis. Among them, NLRP3 belongs…
The proteasome is part of the main mechanism by which cells regulate specific protein concentration and degrade misfolded proteins. Specifically, ubiquitin is a key molecule known to cooperate with proteasome.…
HSP (Heat shock proteins) are a group of proteins induced by heat shock, the most prominent members of this group are a class of functionally related proteins involved in the…
The AAA+ ATPase p97 is essential to a wide range of cellular functions. The p97 acts downstream from ubiquitin signaling events and utilizes the energy from ATP hydrolysis to extract…
Degradation of proteins in mammalian cells via two distinct pathways: lysosome-dependent and proteasome-dependent. PR-39 is a proline- and arginine-rich antibacterial peptide. It is also a noncompetitive, reversible, and allosteric proteasome inhibitor. PR-39 reversibly binds…
Proteasomes are protein complexes that degrade unwanted or damaged proteins by proteolysis, which can destroy peptide bonds. Specifically, proteasomes are part of the main mechanism by which cells regulate the…
The ubiquitin-proteasome system exerts numerous essential regulatory functions in almost all cell biological pathways. The 26S proteasome degrades polyubiquitylated protein substrates and consists of a 19S regulator bearing ubiquitin receptors…
A study from Henry W. B. Johnson discovered and described KZR-504 as a highly selective inhibitor of immunoproteasome low molecular mass polypeptide 2 (LMP2). Immunoproteasome is always expressed in nonhematopoietic…