Toll-like receptors belong to a family of pattern recognition receptors, regulate innate immunity and subsequent adaptive immune responses. TLRs can up-regulate costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to activate adaptive…
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection continues to be a significant health burden, and 2–3% of the global population infected by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The innate immune response…
Toll-like receptor (TLR) family proteins belong to PRRs. They play a crucial role in the initiation of the hosts’ immune responses, linking innate immunity and adaptive immunity. TLRs recruit a…
The innate immune system senses the presence of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through a wide variety of germ-line encoded host sensors. They are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptor…
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRR). They play an essential role in coordinating innate and adaptive immunity to protect the host from bacteria, viruses, other…