Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) are useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In particular, NSAIDs inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs)…
C5a is an important inflammatory hypernociceptive mediator, acting by a mechanism independent of hypernociceptive cytokine release, but dependent on the presence of neutrophils. Especially, C5a is a complement activation product….
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a kind of destructive systemic autoimmune disease. Many different inflammatory cells invade the joint synovium. In addition, the destruction of cartilage and bone is due to…
Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1C (PIP5K1C) is a lipid kinase that regulates focal adhesion dynamics and cell attachment through the site-specific formation of phosphatidylinositol ,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2). Numerous pain-producing (pronociceptive) receptors signal via…
Mammalian cell division involves an orderly progression through four distinct phases: G1 (growth phase 1), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (growth phase 2), and M (mitosis). During the G1 phase, cells…